<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="no-js"><head><meta charset="utf-8"> <!-- begin SEO --><title>LARMix++: Latency-Aware Routing in Mix Networks with Free Routes Topology - Mahdi Rahimi</title><meta property="og:locale" content="en-US"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Mahdi Rahimi"><meta property="og:title" content="LARMix++: Latency-Aware Routing in Mix Networks with Free Routes Topology"><link rel="canonical" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/publication/LARMix_plus.md"><meta property="og:url" content="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/publication/LARMix_plus.md"><meta property="og:description" name="description" content="Mix networks (mixnets) enhance anonymity by routing client messages through multiple hops, intentionally delaying or reordering these messages to ensure unlinkability. However, this process increases end-to-end latency, potentially degrading the client experience. To address this issue, LARMix (NDSS, 2024) proposed a low-latency routing methodology specifically designed for stratified mixnet architectures. Our paper extends this concept to Free Routes mixnet designs, where, unlike stratified topologies, there are no restrictions on node connections. We adapt several state-of-the-art low-latency routing strategies from both mix and Tor networks to optimize the Free Routes topology. Despite the benefits, low-latency routing can cause certain mixnodes to receive disproportionate amounts of traffic. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a novel load-balancing algorithm that evenly distributes traffic among nodes without significantly compromising low-latency characteristics. Our analytical and simulation experiments demonstrate a considerable reduction in latency compared to uniform routing methods, with negligible loss in message anonymity, defined as the confusion an adversary experiences when correlating messages exiting the mixnet to an initially targeted input message. Additionally, we provide an analysis of adversarial strategies, revealing a balanced trade-off between low latency and adversary advantages."><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-09-26T00:00:00+00:00"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Mahdi Rahimi", "url" : "https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io", "sameAs" : null } </script> <!-- end SEO --><link href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/feed.xml" type="application/atom+xml" rel="alternate" title="Mahdi Rahimi Feed"> <!-- http://t.co/dKP3o1e --><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/g, '') + ' js '; </script> <!-- For all browsers --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/assets/css/main.css"> <!-- Custom CSS to force white background and black text --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/assets/css/custom.css"> <!-- Force moon (dark mode) as default on page load --> <script> if (!localStorage.getItem('theme')) { document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', 'light'); localStorage.setItem('theme', 'light'); } </script><meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on"> <!-- start custom head snippets --> <!-- favicon from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_academic-progressive.svg --><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/images/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/images/favicon.svg"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/images/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/images/favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"/><link rel="manifest" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/images/manifest.json"/><link rel="icon" href="/images/favicon.ico"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/assets/css/academicons.css"/> <!-- Support for MatJax --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6"></script> <script id="MathJax-script" async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <!-- end custom head snippets --></head><body> <!--[if lt IE 9]><div class="notice--danger align-center" style="margin: 0;">You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. 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However, this process increases end-to-end latency, potentially degrading the client experience. To address this issue, LARMix (NDSS, 2024) proposed a low-latency routing methodology specifically designed for stratified mixnet architectures. Our paper extends this concept to Free Routes mixnet designs, where, unlike stratified topologies, there are no restrictions on node connections. We adapt several state-of-the-art low-latency routing strategies from both mix and Tor networks to optimize the Free Routes topology. Despite the benefits, low-latency routing can cause certain mixnodes to receive disproportionate amounts of traffic. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a novel load-balancing algorithm that evenly distributes traffic among nodes without significantly compromising low-latency characteristics. Our analytical and simulation experiments demonstrate a considerable reduction in latency compared to uniform routing methods, with negligible loss in message anonymity, defined as the confusion an adversary experiences when correlating messages exiting the mixnet to an initially targeted input message. Additionally, we provide an analysis of adversarial strategies, revealing a balanced trade-off between low latency and adversary advantages."><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="September 26, 2024"><div class="page__inner-wrap"><header><h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">LARMix++: Latency-Aware Routing in Mix Networks with Free Routes Topology</h1><p>Published in <i>International Conference on Cryptology and Network Security (CANS)</i>, 2024</p></header><section class="page__content" itemprop="text"><p>The contents above will be part of a list of publications, if the user clicks the link for the publication than the contents of section will be rendered as a full page, allowing you to provide more information about the paper for the reader. When publications are displayed as a single page, the contents of the above “citation” field will automatically be included below this section in a smaller font.</p><p style="font-size: smaller">Recommended citation: M. Rahimi, "LARMix++: Latency-Aware Routing in Mix Networks with Free Routes Topology." In International Conference on Cryptology and Network Security, pp. 187-211. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024.<br /><a href="http://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/files/LARMix_plus_paper.pdf">Download Paper</a> | <a href="http://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/files/LARMix_plus_slides.pdf">Download Slides</a> | <a href="http://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/files/LARMix_plus_bib.bib">Download Bibtex</a></p></section><footer class="page__meta"></footer><section class="page__share"><h4 class="page__share-title">Share on</h4><a href="https://bsky.app/intent/compose?text=https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/publication/LARMix_plus.md" class="btn btn--bluesky" title="Share on Bluesky"><i class="fab fa-bluesky" aria-hidden="true"></i><span> Bluesky</span></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/publication/LARMix_plus.md" class="btn btn--facebook" title="Share on Facebook"><i class="fab fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i><span> Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/publication/LARMix_plus.md" class="btn btn--linkedin" title="Share on LinkedIn"><i class="fab fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i><span> LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="https://x.com/intent/post?text=https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/publication/LARMix_plus.md" class="btn btn--x" title="Share on X"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i><span> X (formerly Twitter)</span></a></section><nav class="pagination"> <a href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/publication/CLAM.md" class="pagination--pager" title="CLAM: Client-Aware Routing in Mix Networks ">Previous</a> <a href="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/publication/MALARIA.md" class="pagination--pager" title="MALARIA: Management of Low-Latency Routing Impact on Mix Network Anonymity ">Next</a></nav></div></article></div><div class="page__footer"><footer> <!-- Sitemap & follow removed --> <!-- Footer removed --></footer></div><script src="https://mmaahhddii1995.github.io/assets/js/main.min.js"></script></body></html>
